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中國時報  2007.04.05


http://news.chinatimes.com/2007Cti/2007Cti-News/2007Cti-News-Print/0,4634,12050905x112007040500338,00.html


減緩全球暖化 從洗衣開始


徐亦橋/台北報導


    全球暖化與你我切身相關,不過問題卻大到好像只有各國政府聯手才能解決,但剛出刊的「時代雜誌」卻以「一個人能如何減緩地球暖化」為題,提出51種可以貢獻己力的方法,連轉換洗衣服方式都具有改變世界的可能。


    時代雜誌引用英國劍橋大學製造學會的研究,發現衣服會使用到的地球能源,有60%與洗衣與烘衣有關,像一件T恤的生命周期裡,洗衣使用到能源最後會釋出4公克一氧化碳。


    所以雜誌建議大家洗衣時,集中大量清洗,避免分小批清洗,淘汰舊洗衣機,換用更有效率新機,採用自然風乾勝過於烘乾機快乾,這些簡單方法能減少9成洗衣時製造出污染氣體。


    多穿二手衣也可助環保,因為每買一件衣服,廠商就需要花更多的能源去製造及運送;日本已成功施行的Cool Biz(日文「清涼」意思)活動也被列入減少全球暖化的成功方式。這場05年推廣的不打領帶、減少冷氣,因為幫助男士們能在攝氏28度辦公室工作,預估成功減少7萬多噸的二氧化碳排入空中,被雜誌認為適合在美國企業界推廣。


    而時代雜誌還有提出個人能做到的包括:使用省電燈泡、多搭公車、不用塑膠袋、出國飛機選擇直飛、隨時關閉電腦等,甚至連少吃牛排也被列入其中,因為飼養更多家畜時,會增加排出二氧化碳的量,最後被提到的基本原則是「減少消費、多多分享,活得更簡單。」


 


 


你能為氣候變遷做什麼?【1】   回列表頁


 


今年的地球日主題是氣候變遷,所以我們企圖不斷提供具體可行的綠色生活型態或撇步,希望喚起更多人一起身體力行讓地球變的更好,或是不要再以加倍的速度繼續壞下去!


「一」個人的力量的確不夠大,但是別忘了任何龐大的數字都是「一」從算起的,一個人開始做,慢慢地就會變成十個人一起做,假以時日,當大部分的人都實踐綠色生活時,少數浪費資源沒有永續概念的人變成了一種落伍的象徵時,我們就成功了!我們拭目以待!大家加油!


換燈泡吧!


你沒想過那麼簡單吧!只要你願意將家中的一般燈泡換成省電燈泡,你也是綠色生活家族的一份子喔!省電燈泡的價錢的確比一般燈泡高,但是壽命以及省電量足以彌補甚至超過當初買貴的差價。


據美國資料顯示,如果每一個美國家庭將家中的一顆一般燈泡換成省電燈泡,將可以預防13兆磅的二氧化碳進入大氣層,也相當於將100萬輛車子在一年內停駛所節省下來的二氧化碳排放量!神奇吧!


讓車子換角色!


專家說改變車子的燃料效率,也就是說,不要太快速消耗如此大量的石化燃料,是降低二氧化碳量,減緩地球暖化速度的主要關鍵。


所以說,你可以換輛車,油電混和車或是歐洲盛行的柴油車,當然,以現在來說,油電混和車的價格過高不夠普及,不過,如果你真有心想以行動來改善環境的話,你還是可以的。


例如少開車、調整車子的性能使他少油耗,甚至將生活減速,多走路、多騎腳踏車,都可以改善二氧化碳排放問題,以及減少不必要的能源消耗。最糟糕的是高油耗的休旅車、小卡車或連結車,這些車子都是油耗多,二氧化碳排放量高的車子。


房子不要太冷也不要太熱!


冷氣或暖氣也是造成能源消耗的因素之一,但是如何正確地使用他們來減少耗能,這是你我都可以做到的。


適度調整暖氣系統,一年可減少10%的能源消耗。經常注意出氣孔、關閉沒有用的出氣孔,以及更換濾網,這樣使暖氣保持最佳狀態,不至於過度耗能。購買可調節的恆溫計,調整不同的季節或時間的溫度。多加兩度在冷氣或暖氣的溫度設定上。確定門窗的緊密度,當然,如果你可以不用冷氣而多用風扇的話,這樣可以省下更多的能源喔!


好好關心一下你的電冰箱吧!


知道嗎?好朋友電冰箱有時候會變成一個愛吃鬼,愛吃電的鬼。尤其是老舊的冰箱,甚至會多耗能達50%以上。


所以換一個新冰箱,一個環保電冰箱是不錯的選擇;不要將溫度設定過高,否則又很容易多耗能;如果冰箱太靠近熱氣出氣孔、或是直接站在太陽底下,請換換位置吧!否則他又會花去你不少白花花的銀子!


將你的第二台冰箱丟掉吧!開啟冰箱內的「省能」裝置吧!以及整理一下凝結器吧,讓你的冰箱更有效率!最後請確認冰箱的門是否有好好地關上,以及沒有任何細縫讓冷空氣跑出來喔!


資料來源: http://www.earthday.net/resources/2006materials/Top10.aspx


 


在學校作環保


  灰水(Gray water)-灰水指的是使用過一次,用來洗澡、洗碗、洗衣服或是洗菜的水。學校中有提供洗衣服務或是洗很多碗盤的話,可以架設回收水系統,將這些水利用到草坪或植栽上。使用灰水可以減少乾淨水的使用。


  對於想要開始利用灰水的家庭或是學校,則只要一些不同大小的水桶就夠了。大家只要在洗澡時接還沒熱水流出時的冷水,就是開始回收再利用水資源的第一步。


說服學校管理人作出改變


  說服學校管理人員作出改變的一個主要挑戰,就是讓他們知道省下來的水將會直接反映在水費帳單上,並且很快的就能補償原本設備的投資。這也是一個教育人們往長遠處想的機會。並不是做所有事都只是一時之計,這需要被大家確認和接受。


接住雨水


  有兩種方法可以接住雨水。其一是拿一個不用的垃圾桶在下雨時拿到戶外,另一個則是如果學校的屋頂上有排雨水的溝槽,可以考慮調整排水出口到大垃圾桶中收集雨水。
灌溉


  因為校園中有很多的草皮,樹木,灌叢,還有花,有一些照顧的策略可以幫助學校聰明的省下水,將節省可觀的社區水資源,以及學校的水費帳單。例如:在種植草皮、花、灌叢及樹木時,選擇一些原生種、本地的植物或是一些比較耐旱的植物。


水的藝術


  遍佈全球的地球日組織發現了藝術是一種對一般大眾傳達環境消息的有效方法,這裡有一些和藝術有關的方法能讓大家增加對環境的警覺性,並為未來的環保活動播種。


發起一個有關水的街頭劇場活動


發起一些主旨為慶祝水的讀詩或音樂會


畫些海報(如果你喜歡的話,可以辦一個比賽)然後展示在社區附近的公共區域 , 每張海報可以有自己的標題。


畫些有關水的壁畫


清理附近的河流


  考察離家最近的河流、湖泊、海洋或是河口。找找看人類使用或侵占水體的證據,並分門別類。有垃圾在水中或是水邊嗎?尋找並分類這些垃圾,他們使水變色或是產生骯髒的泡沫了嗎?在水中或水邊有可見的生物存在嗎?對本地的魚市場做個調查,找出這些魚是從哪裡來的。


資料來源:earthday network (劉偉光 編譯,王茹涵 審校)  http://www.earthday.org.tw/water/water6.htm


f其餘行動方案可參考


http://www.earthday.org.tw/guidebook/guidebook_index.htm#


 


時代雜誌:一個人如何減緩地球暖化的51種方法


http://tinyurl.com/2qfvj7


http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/environment/article/0,28804,1602354_1603074,00.html


裡面有圖,我正在整理英文全文,為顧及版權,


我不放上來,有興趣MAIL留給我,我寄給你。


The Global Warming Survival Guide


1. Turn Food Into Fuel
By Alice Park
Are corn husks better than corn for producing energy? Ethanol is the alternative fuel that could finally wean the U.S. from its expensive oil habit and in turn prevent the millions of tons of carbon emissions that go with it. The Department of Energy has doubled its 2005 commitment to funding research into biofuels—any non-petroleum fuel source, including corn, soybean, switchgrass, municipal waste and (ick) used cooking oil. Already, half of the nearly 11 billion bushels of corn produced each year is turned into ethanol, and most new cars are capable of running on E10 (10% ethanol and 90% gas).


Yet the eco-friendly fuel is beginning to look less chummy of late. Some of the 114 ethanol plants in the U.S. use natural gas and, yes, even coal to run the processors. And ethanol has to be trucked. Existing gas pipelines can't carry it because it corrodes iron. Then there are the economics. Producers depend on federal subsidies, and increasing demand for corn as fuel means the kernels keep getting pricier.


That's why researchers are prospecting for more alternatives, preferably ones that don't rely on food crops or a 51 cents-per-gallon tax break. Municipal waste, wood pulp and leftover grain and corn husks are all quite attractive; they can produce something called cellulosic ethanol, which contains more energy than corn. But they don't give up their bounty easily, so for now they're more expensive than corn-based ethanol to produce. Undeterred, researchers at several cellulosic-ethanol plants are developing innovative enzyme concoctions and heating methods to make the process more economic. Nothing like haste to make something out of waste.


 


2. Get Blueprints For a Green House
By Laura Locke
Reducing your impact on the earth is not just a question of what you drive but also of what you live in. Residential energy use accounts for 16% of greenhouse-gas emissions. If you begin thinking green at the blueprint stage, however, low-tech, pragmatic techniques will maximize your new home's efficiency. Installing those systems from the ground up is cheaper than retrofitting. "Doing simple things could drastically reduce your energy costs, by 40%," says Oru Bose, a sustainable-design architect in Santa Fe, N.M. For example, control heat, air and moisture leakage by sealing windows and doors. Insulate the garage, attic and basement with natural, nontoxic materials like reclaimed blue jeans. Protect windows from sunrays with large overhangs and double-pane glass. Emphasize natural cross ventilation. "You don't need to have 24th century solutions to solve 18th century problems," Bose says. Next, consider renewable energy sources like solar electric systems, compact wind turbines and geothermal heat pumps to help power your home. When you're ready to get creative, GreenHomeGuide.com will help you find bamboo flooring, cork tiles, and countertops made from recycled wastepaper.


3. Change Your Lightbulbs
By Maryanne Murray Buechner
The hottest thing in household energy savings is the compact fluorescent lightbulb (CFL), a funny-looking swirl that fits into standard sockets. CFLs cost three to five times as much as conventional incandescent bulbs yet use one-quarter the electricity and last several years longer. They are available virtually everywhere lightbulbs are sold. Most labels don't say "CFL" (GE calls its bulbs Energy Savers), and in some cases the telltale twist is enclosed in frosted glass. The wattage gives them away: many 7-watt CFLs are comparable to a regular 40-watt bulb, 26 watts is the typical CFL equivalent of 100 watts and so on. Or just look for the Energy Star label.


CFLs have come a long way since they were first introduced in the mid-'90s (they don't flicker as much when you turn them on, for one thing), but because each bulb still contains 5 mg of mercury, you're not supposed to toss them out with the regular trash, where they could end up in a landfill. So the bulbs are one more thing for you to sort in the recycling bin.


Light-emitting diodes, or LEDs (see item 4), don't have this problem, but they can require a bit of DIY rewiring. LEDs work great as accents and task lights, and you can also buy LED desk and floor lamps. But if you're just looking to put a green bulb in your favorite table lamp, CFL is the way to go.

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